A p-value of 0.05 or lower is generally considered statistically significant. P-value can serve as an alternative to—or in addition to—preselected confidence levels for hypothesis testing.

Statistical hypothesis testing is used to determine whether the result of a data set is statistically significant. A p-value of 5% or lower is generally considered statistically significant.

State a null hypothesis: that is, there is no effect. Calculate the p value, which is the probability of getting results like ours – if the null hypothesis is true.

During his Ph.D. research, mathematician Tyron Lardy worked on a new approach to hypothesis testing. Instead of the traditional p-value, he uses so-called e-values. These turn out to be more ...

John I. Marden, Hypothesis Testing: From p Values to Bayes Factors, Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol. 95, No. 452 (Dec., 2000), pp. 1316-1320 ...

In this article, we explore the theory, assumptions and interpretation of the Fisher’s exact test, used to investigate associations between two categorical, binary variables with small sample sizes, ...

One of the most important messages is that the p-value cannot tell you if your hypothesis is correct. Instead, it’s the probability of your data given your hypothesis.

The p value is at the heart of the most common approach to data analysis – null hypothesis significance testing (NHST). Think of NHST as a waltz with three steps: ...