Essling, Napoleon led his reinforced army back across the Danube. The resulting clash with Archduke Charles's Austrian army was the biggest and bloodiest battle yet seen in European history, and ...

The Austrian War, 1809. Inspired by the rebellious Spaniards' success against Napoleon, Austria launched a campaign ...

The couple's stormy relationship ended when he divorced her in 1809 after failing to produce an heir. Photograph by Bridgeman Images. By Indi Bains. November 15, 2023 ... [Napoleon] came out of ...

Napoleon's kidnapping of the Pope provided a suprising story of religious liberty. ... That seizure in 1809 was meant to further break the pope’s spirit, the author argues.

When Napoleon invaded Egypt in 1798, ... By 1809 there were 36 people involved in writing the work and as many as one hundred engravers involved in creating illustrations.

Yet when Napoleon instigated divorce in 1809 for want of an heir, it was surprisingly amicable. The Empress retained her imperial title until her death in 1814 and was permitted to continue living ...

A hand-written letter from Napoleon denying his role in the kidnapping of Pope Pius VII in 1809 is to go under the hammer this weekend outside Paris and is expected to reach 12,000 to 15,000 euros.