In the context of China’s broader challenges, this all makes sense. Its economy is struggling. Its leaders want to avoid US tariffs. These responses make Beijing look tough to its domestic audience and give it some leverage in potential negotiations, while not overreaching. From Tianlei Huang at the Peterson Institute:

Beijing hit back with its own tariffs and export restrictions after being subjected to levies by President Trump. Trade experts said China appeared to aim for minimal short-term harm while showing the range of its possible responses.