Napoleon dominated Europe, but Spain and Portugal became his greatest military disaster. The Peninsular War turned into an endless, costly conflict, forcing the French to fight against both a ...

Essling, Napoleon led his reinforced army back across the Danube. The resulting clash with Archduke Charles's Austrian army was the biggest and bloodiest battle yet seen in European history, and ...

Mary, Queen Of Scots is beheaded at Fotheringhay Castle aged 44. 1601: Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, leads ...

As Napoleon sought to cripple Britain’s economy ... thus keeping Britain’s economy afloat. Between 1809 and 1811 alone, goods worth £86million passed through the island, a staggering sum ...

Vasily Petrenko frames his Royal Philharmonic Orchestra programme with Berg and Stravinsky, with Boris Giltburg playing ...

This port city in Pontevedra, a province of Galicia, may not be at the top of UK travellers’ holiday roll call – but it ...

and praying the Holy rosary. In 1809, Napoleon's men entered the Vatican, arrested Pius VII and brought him in chains to Grenoble, and eventually Fontainbleau. His imprisonment lasted five years.

Don't tire out yet – you should also take a few minutes to see the sprawling Heldenplatz (Heroes' Square), and the huge statues of Archduke Charles (who defeated ... Essling in 1809) and Prince ...

The walk follows part of the Saxon Shore Way and the unique landscape of Romney Marsh, as well as a section of the Royal Military Canal, built in 1809 as a defensive barrier against Napoleon.

Sweden’s power in Europe was in decline at the time, with the country having lost Finland to Russia in 1809. With his experience as military commander, Bernadotte was deemed a valid successor. Also, ...